MOTS-c + SS-31

Overview

This collection pairs two peptides that both act inside mitochondria — the cell’s energy-producing structures — but at very different levels. MOTS-c is made by the mitochondria themselves and signals to the rest of the body about energy balance. SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide) binds to cardiolipin, a specialised fat in the inner mitochondrial wall, and is studied for its role in keeping the machinery of energy production stable.

For researchers interested in mitochondrial biology, this combination offers something unusual — one peptide that acts as a signal, and one that reinforces the structure. That pairing of signalling and structural interventions is rare in the current peptide catalogue.

The Components

Why This Combination

MOTS-c works as a signal — sent from the mitochondria back to the cell nucleus. Research suggests it activates AMPK (a master sensor for energy balance), with research-suggested effects on glucose uptake in muscle cells and on fat metabolism. Several published animal studies have described it as an "exercise mimetic" — research-suggested to produce some of the same effects as physical exercise.

SS-31 works locally inside the mitochondrion itself. Research suggests that by binding to cardiolipin, it helps maintain the folded inner walls (called cristae) in their proper shape, supports the assembly of the energy-production machinery, and reduces the release of reactive oxygen species — harmful molecular byproducts of energy production. In short, one peptide is research-suggested to change how the cell directs its energy, the other to protect the machine that makes the energy.

Research Notes

MOTS-c research has grown significantly since Lee and colleagues at USC first characterised it in 2015. SS-31 is further along in clinical development, with published trial data and ongoing research programs. Neither peptide is approved for therapeutic use in Australia.

How Researchers Use This Collection

Energy-focused studies typically measure oxygen consumption rate (using a Seahorse assay — the standard lab instrument for this), ATP production, and reactive oxygen species as primary readouts. Studies in older animals often add grip-strength and exercise-tolerance tests as functional measures.

Storage & Handling

Store at 2–8°C in a cool, dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Refrigerate once in solution form.