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Evidence standards

What each level of proof actually means, and which of the 69 compounds in this library meet it. Select a standard to see what remains — and what falls below it.

Select a standard
What this standard means

A medicines regulator has examined the full dossier — manufacturing, pharmacology, trial data — and permitted sale for a defined use. It is the highest standard on this page, and it is narrower than it sounds: an approval covers one indication, in one population, at one dose. A compound approved for obesity has not been approved for anything else, and the approval says nothing about uses outside it.

11 of 69compounds meet this standard or a stronger one

Compounds below the selected standard stay listed, faded. They have not been ruled out — they sit below the line currently selected.

Approved medicine11 compounds
Gonadorelin and the GnRH System
Approved diagnostic/therapeutic medicine in several jurisdictions
3 studies cited
HCG
Long-approved prescription medicine
3 studies cited
Melanotan-1
Approved as afamelanotide (Scenesse) - FDA, EMA and TGA
4 studies cited
Oxytocin
Long-approved medicine in obstetric use
5 studies cited
PT-141
FDA-approved as Vyleesi, 2019
4 studies cited
Semaglutide
6 studies cited
Sermorelin
Formerly FDA-approved (Geref); discontinued commercially
4 studies cited
SS-31
FDA accelerated approval as Forzinity for Barth syndrome, September 2025
4 studies cited
Tesamorelin
FDA-approved (Egrifta)
4 studies cited
Thymosin Alpha-1
Approved in 35+ countries as Zadaxin; not in the US or Australia
4 studies cited
Tirzepatide
5 studies cited
Registered in Russia / CIS7 compoundsbelow the selected standard
Cortexin
4 studies cited
Epithalamin
Used in Soviet and Russian clinical practice
4 studies cited
Retinalamin
4 studies cited
Selank
4 studies cited
Semax
4 studies cited
Thymalin
4 studies cited
Thymogen
4 studies cited
Human trials19 compoundsbelow the selected standard
AOD-9604
Human trials reported; safety observations do not establish efficacy or general safety.
4 studies cited
ARA-290
Clinical trials in sarcoidosis small-fibre neuropathy
4 studies cited
Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8)
Small topical studies, largely manufacturer-funded
3 studies cited
Cagrilintide
CagriSema under FDA review; decision expected late 2026
3 studies cited
Carnosine
Strong human literature via beta-alanine supplementation
3 studies cited
CJC-1295 No DAC
Early-phase human studies (Teichman 2006); development ended
3 studies cited
GHRP-2
4 studies cited
GHRP-6
4 studies cited
Glutathione
3 studies cited
Hexarelin
4 studies cited
Ipamorelin
Human studies; development discontinued
5 studies cited
Kisspeptin
Human physiology studies
4 studies cited
LL-37
Topical clinical work in wound healing
4 studies cited
Matrixyl (Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4)
Small topical studies, largely manufacturer-funded
3 studies cited
Melanotan II
Human studies; pharmaceutical development abandoned
4 studies cited
MK-677 Is Not a Peptide
Extensive trials incl. older adults; never approved
3 studies cited
Retatrutide
Phase 3 (TRIUMPH) reporting; FDA filing stated for Q1 2027
5 studies cited
Thymosin Beta-4
Clinical trials of TB4-based eye treatment (RGN-259)
4 studies cited
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)
A related analogue has been examined clinically
4 studies cited
Preclinical only32 compoundsbelow the selected standard
BPC-157
No completed human trials published
4 studies cited
Bronchogen
4 studies cited
Cardiogen
4 studies cited
Cartalax
4 studies cited
Chonluten
4 studies cited
Cortagen
4 studies cited
Dihexa
4 studies cited
DSIP
Early human studies decades ago; base remains unestablished
4 studies cited
Epitalon
Human data in the programme largely concerns the precursor extract
6 studies cited
Follistatin-344
Related gene-therapy work has reached early human studies
4 studies cited
FOXO4-DRI
4 studies cited
GHK-Cu
Plus cosmetic-use studies; no clinical trials of the compound itself
5 studies cited
Humanin
4 studies cited
IGF-1 LR3
IGF-1 itself is an approved medicine (mecasermin); the LR3 analogue is not
4 studies cited
KPV
4 studies cited
Livagen
4 studies cited
MGF and PEG-MGF
3 studies cited
MOTS-c
4 studies cited
OS-01 (Peptide 14)
Ex vivo human skin models; company-run
3 studies cited
Ovagen
4 studies cited
P21 (Peptide)
Mouse work only; no published human trials
3 studies cited
Pancragen
4 studies cited
PE-22-28
4 studies cited
Pinealon
4 studies cited
Prostamax
4 studies cited
TB-400 vs TB-500
Naming history from an industry interview; biology from primary reviews
3 studies cited
TB-500
4 studies cited
Testagen
4 studies cited
Thymulin
3 studies cited
Vesilute
4 studies cited
Vesugen
4 studies cited
Vilon
4 studies cited
How to read this page

These levels describe the strength of the published evidence behind a compound. They do not describe how promising it is, how well it works, or how it compares to anything else. A compound does not pass or fail — its literature either meets a given standard or it does not, and a compound sitting at the weakest level may simply be early rather than disproven.

A level is also never stronger than the guide beneath it. Every classification was made by reading the compound’s own page and its cited studies. If you want the reasoning rather than the label, the guide is where it lives — and how to read peptide research explains what to look for once you are there.

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Research Use Only. All information on this site is provided for educational and laboratory research purposes only. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice or a therapeutic claim.